Opening the hood is rarely enough these days to figure out what is wrong with a vehicle.

Modern cars operate as computers on wheels filled with software, sensors, and advanced driver-assistance systems. Repairs now depend on digital diagnostics, specialized software tools, and procedures unique to each manufacturer.

The REPAIR Act, or the Right to Equitable and Professional Auto Industry Repair Act, would set a national auto repair standard. It would force automakers to share essential data, repair information, and tools with owners and independent shops so they can properly diagnose and service vehicles.

Supporters of the bipartisan measure, such as the Auto Care Association, argue it is needed because newer models keep critical repair data under manufacturer control. Independent shops may install a part yet still require original equipment software and information to complete the work.

Bill Hanvey, president and CEO of the ACA, explained that automakers install gateways in advanced vehicles that block or limit independent mechanics from reaching needed data.

The outcome, he noted, pushes consumers toward dealerships where repair costs average 36 percent higher than at independent shops.

These independent facilities already possess the technical skills required, Hanvey said. The only missing element is access to data locked behind manufacturer gateways.

He cited newer models where simply swapping a battery is insufficient. The vehicle computer must also be reprogrammed to recognize the replacement part, often sending the car back to a dealership.

Independent shops have already invested tens of thousands of dollars in brand-specific tools, Hanvey added.

More Technology Results in Costlier Repairs

Features such as advanced driver-assistance systems have raised both the price and difficulty of repairs.

A recent report from CCC Intelligent Solutions found that average repair costs for vehicles six years old or newer ran more than 50 percent higher than for older models. ADAS calibrations alone averaged around 486 dollars.

This growing complexity is reshaping repair practices. Nikhil Naikal, CEO of Kinetic, noted that modern vehicles demand an updated service approach beyond traditional quick-lube operations.

Hanvey reported that roughly half of surveyed independent shops return three to five vehicles to dealerships each month after spending about four labor hours on diagnostics.

Backers of the REPAIR Act emphasize consumer choice, letting owners decide between independent shops and dealerships.

President Donald Trump recently highlighted the issue, calling it strange that some industry leaders would restrict owners from repairing their own cars.

Automakers and dealers opposing broad right-to-repair rules cite risks involving safety, privacy, cybersecurity, and intellectual property.

Hanvey said the REPAIR Act uses a parity approach so that any resources given to dealers would also be available to independent repairers.

The bill remains early in the legislative process. It advanced by voice vote in February to the full House Energy and Commerce Committee and would require further approvals from the committee, House, Senate, and the president to become law.