REYKJAVIK, Iceland - Icelanders headed to polling stations on Saturday to determine if the nation should restart stalled talks on joining the European Union, influenced by President Donald Trump's statements regarding control of nearby Greenland.

The straightforward referendum asks the roughly 265,000 eligible voters a clear yes-or-no question: Should Iceland restart accession talks with the European Union?

A positive outcome would launch discussions with the European Commission across 35 policy areas ranging from economics to human rights. Advocates argue that EU ties could provide safeguards should Trump extend similar pressures toward Iceland while also promising greater economic steadiness through bloc membership.

A negative result would likely end the matter for at least a generation. Critics highlight risks to Iceland's valuable fishing resources and note that the country already gains from access to the EU single market and Schengen travel area without full membership obligations.

Analysts anticipate a narrow result.

Over 20 percent of voters submitted early ballots ahead of election day, according to national broadcaster RÚV.

“This race has remained close and highly engaging,” said Prime Minister Kristrún Frostadóttir after casting her vote. Her platform included plans to reengage with the EU. “It has elevated conversations about Iceland's global role and geopolitical standing.”

Trump's remarks on Greenland earlier this year altered the atmosphere in Iceland, located just 180 miles from the Danish territory. Some residents grew concerned after he referenced their nation multiple times in discussions about Greenland.

Although Trump has ruled out force to obtain Greenland, his interest remains active.

Many in Iceland worry that if Greenland faces pressure, Iceland could follow.

This raises the further question of whether EU membership would deter future U.S. moves in the North Atlantic.

The left-leaning government elected in 2024 believes it would and advanced the referendum ahead of its original schedule.

Debate over EU ties is longstanding in Iceland, which halted its prior bid in 2015 mainly due to fishing concerns.

The substantial cod and haddock harvests from Arctic waters form a core part of national identity, with generations relying on the sea since Viking settlement.

Fishing rights featured prominently in referendum discussions given the industry's central economic role. EU membership would require sharing access under the common fisheries policy, though officials seek a possible exemption.

Approval would not conclude the process, as voters would later decide on any negotiated agreement.

National identity and cultural preservation also factor into the vote for many citizens.

Independent since 1944, Iceland maintains a tradition of resisting influence from larger European powers and prevailed in the Cod Wars with Britain during the 1970s over fishing zones.

Supporters of membership emphasize closer European ties to address shared challenges like climate change and note that the euro could stabilize the economy compared with the króna while reducing inflation and rates.

“Strong ties with Europe represent the best path forward for Iceland right now,” said voter Haukur Hallsson. “The focus should remain on Europe rather than events in Washington.”

Opponents maintain that current arrangements deliver integration benefits without ceding sovereignty and prefer independent trade agreements, including with China, over limited influence in the European Parliament.

Agust Hallvardsson voted no, citing the need to protect fisheries and agriculture. “Developments inside the EU do not appeal to me,” he said. “It resembles a troubled vessel that should correct course before any consideration of joining, and Iceland fares better independently.”

Melley reported from London with contributions from Pan Pylas.